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Corel Medical Series: Cancer
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Corel Medical Series: Cancer.iso
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c12.dxr
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00071_Field_SRC.c12.C.7.txt
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1997-01-28
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Physical Examination
• Enlarged lymph nodes , particularly over the left collarbone.
• The vocal cords may be less mobile or paralyzed.
• Tapping the spinal area may cause pain in the vertebrae.
• Rarely, thickening and scaling of the palms and soles.
Blood and Other Tests
• Cells for analysis similar to a Pap smear cytology may be scraped off a swallowed balloon or obtained with a
brush inserted through an endoscope or a nasogastric tube.
• Blood counts and serum chemistry profile.
• Serum liver function tests to measure alkaline phosphatase and LDH. Elevated levels may suggest metastases
to liver or bone.
• An elevated CEA (carcinoembryonic antigen) may indicate liver metastases.
• Analysis of cell DNA and DNA histograms are under evaluation as investigational diagnostic tools and may
help identify patients with Barrett's esophagus who are about to develop cancer. Preliminary data suggest that
a tumor with abnormal chromosomes has a poorer prognosis .